This allows blood to flow around the blocked section. Thanks in part to these advances, the number of deaths from heart disease declines in the U.
In a landmark December demonstration, later known as The Mother of all Demos, engineer Douglas Engelbart illustrates the use of lots of recent technologies in conjunction with each other, including: on-screen windows, hypertext, graphics, file linking, revision control, video conferencing, the computer mouse, and word processing. Both Mac and Windows user interfaces will borrow heavily from the example set here.
Before the entire world is networked, there is the Arpanet—four computers linked in It introduces the concept of "packet switching," which simultaneously delivers messages as short units and reassembles them at their destination. The term "fiber optic" is coined in , but it isn't until that scientists at Corning produce a fiber of ultrapure glass that transmits light well enough to be used for telecommunications. Bill Bowerman, the track coach at the University of Oregon, sacrifices breakfast for peak performance when he pours rubber into his waffle iron, forming lightweight soles for his athletes' running shoes.
Three years later, Bowerman's company, Nike, introduces the Waffle Trainer, which is an instant hit. Chrysler paves the way for the era of electronic—rather than mechanical—advances in automobiles with the electronic ignition. It leads to electronic control of ignition timing and fuel metering, harbingers of more sophisticated systems to come. Today, these include electronic-control-transmission shift points, antilock brakes, traction-control systems, steering, and airbag deployment.
Everyone agrees that magnetic resonance imaging MRI is a brilliant invention—but no one agrees on who invented it.
The physical effect that MRIs rely on—nuclear magnetic resonance—earns various scientists Nobel Prizes for physics in and Many believe that Raymond Damadian establishes the machine's medical merit in , when he first uses magnetic resonance to discern healthy tissue from cancer.
Yet, in , the Nobel Prize for medicine goes to Peter Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield for their "seminal discoveries. A pack of Wrigley's Juicy Fruit chewing gum is the first product to integrate the usage of barcode technology when it's scanned at a grocery store in Ohio; the codes become the industry standard for storing pricing information at grocery stores and expand rapidly for both consumer-facing and internal tracking applications.
Not invented, but introduced to the lexicon in its modern sense of man-made climate change. Broecker predicted that CO2 would drive global temperatures unprecedentedly high early on in the 21st century, and and speculated about negative consequences for agriculture and sea level. By , a group of international climate scientists are anticipating a 2.
The Cray-1, the first commercially developed supercomputer, is installed in the Los Alamos National Laboratory. It's the first supercomputer to successfully implement vector processors, a system that allows a single operation to quickly be performed on a large set of data, which is reflected in its speed of MFLOPS—or million floating-point operations per second. The Summit supercomputer , which goes online at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in , will be capable of It is not until the year , though, that President Clinton grants nonmilitary users access to an unscrambled GPS signal.
Britannica School This is an online version of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Choose the level best suited to you. Search for an invention or inventor eg wheel. Or find inventors by selecting Biographies from the main page. In the box for Known for, find the heading for Technology , and select Invention.
Select an inventor eg Hedy Lamarr , a famous actress who developed a device that is now part of cellphone, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth technology. Science Gale In Context This database has lots of articles from encyclopedias, magazines and journals. Search using keywords eg steam engines. Limit your results by subject or type of information. Biography Gale In Context This database includes historical and current biographies of famous people.
Go to Browse People and from the Topics menu choose Inventors. The list is in alphabetical order by surname. Choose an inventor eg Louis Braille. Or search using keywords such as Richard Pearse. World History Gale In Context This database provides an overview of world history that includes inventors and inventions. Search using keywords such as clocks.
Or you can chat with one of our AnyQuestions librarians between 1 and 6pm Monday to Friday and they will help you online. Some EPIC databases may also be available through your public library. Books There are a number of books and stories that have been written about inventors and inventing - check out your local public or school library to see what they have there.
The greatest inventions of all time by Jillian Powell. Great inventors from A to Z by Valter Fogato. Inventions : a visual encyclopedia by John Farndon et al. SCIS no: Topics covered inventors inventions technology technological practice famous people innovation innovators patents ideasinventors inventions technology technological practice famous people innovation innovators patents ideas science nature of science living world planet earth and beyond physical world material world Alexander Graham Bell telephone Alfred Nobel Benjamin Franklin Isaac Newton Johannes Gutenberg printing press Josephine Cochrane dishwasher bifocal glasses Leonardo da Vinci Marion Donovan Margaret Knight paper bag Thomas Edison electricity light bulbs cameras Ruth Graves Wakefield chocolate chip cookies clocks computers Charles Babbage Howard Aiken toilet Sir John Harrington Joseph Swan pencil plastic Alexander Parkes telegraph Guglielmo Marconi television John Logie Baird Archimedes Wright Brothers internet cars wheel Hedy Lamarr cellphones Wi-Fi bluetooth steam engine Richard Pearse Louis Braille.
Related Content Communication Where can I find information about communication? Many Answers. Famous people Where can I find information about famous people? Flight Where can I find information about flight and how things fly? Flight science Discover resources related to flight. Pictured is a model of an ancient Chinese compass from the Han Dynasty; it is a south-indicating ladle, or sinan, made of polished lodestone.
Soon after, the technology passed to Europeans and Arabs through nautical contact. The compass enabled mariners to navigate safely far from land, increasing sea trade and contributing to the Age of Discovery. The German Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press around Key to its development was the hand mold, a new molding technique that enabled the rapid creation of large quantities of metal movable type. Though others before him — including inventors in China and Korea — had developed movable type made from metal, Gutenberg was the first to create a mechanized process that transferred the ink which he made from linseed oil and soot from the movable type to paper.
With this movable type process, printing presses exponentially increased the speed with which book copies could be made, and thus they led to the rapid and widespread dissemination of knowledge for the first time in history.
Twenty million volumes had been printed in Western Europe by Among other things, the printing press permitted wider access to the Bible, which in turn led to alternative interpretations, including that of Martin Luther, whose "95 Theses" a document printed by the hundred-thousand sparked the Protestant Reformation.
In these engines, the combustion of a fuel releases a high-temperature gas, which, as it expands, applies a force to a piston, moving it. Thus, combustion engines convert chemical energy into mechanical work. Decades of engineering by many scientists went in to designing the internal combustion engine, which took its essentially modern form in the latter half of the 19th century. The engine ushered in the Industrial Age, as well as enabling the invention of a huge variety of machines, including modern cars and aircraft.
Pictured are the operating steps of a four-stroke internal combustion engine. The strokes are as follows: 1 Intake stroke - air and vaporised fuel are drawn in. Though several inventors did pioneering work on electronic voice transmission many of whom later filed intellectual property lawsuits when telephone use exploded , Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be awarded a patent for the electric telephone in Antibiotics have saved millions of lives by killing and inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria.
Throughout the 20th century, antibiotics spread rapidly and proved to be a major living improvement, fighting nearly every known form of infection and protecting peoples' health. The history of contraceptives dates back at least to B. C, where records indicate that ancient Egyptian women would mix honey, sodium carbonate, and crocodile dung into a thick, solid paste called pessary and insert it into their vaginas before intercourse.
However, many researchers believe that old world birth control methods like there are not effective, and indeed, possibly life threatening. In Charles Goodyear patented the vulcanization of rubber, which led to the mass production of rubber condoms. The Pill launched an international revolution that allowed women to determine when they would have children, and freed them from unplanned pregnancy, which could derail their careers.
Of course, x-rays are a phenomenon of the natural world, and thus can't be invented. But they were discovered accidentally. The invisible was made visible in X-ray is undoubtedly one of the epoch-making advancements in the field of medicine. While testing whether cathode rays could pass through glass, he noticed a glow coming from a nearby chemically coated screen. Because of the unknown nature of the rays, he named them X-rays. Through his observation, he learned that X-rays can be photographed when they penetrate into human flesh.
In , during the Balkan war, X-rays were first used to find bullets and broken bones inside patients. In , he received the Nobel prize in physics for his work. Over the last years, refrigeration has offered us ways to preserve food, medicines, and other perishable substances. Before its conception, people cooled their food with ice and snow.
James Harrison built the first practical vapor compression refrigeration system. While it helped to rev up industrial processes initially, it became an industry itself later on. A small box with the ability to convey enormous information and which has changed entertainment and communications forever. The invention of television was the work of many individuals. Although TV plays an important part in our everyday lives, it rapidly developed during the 19 th and the 20 th century as a result of the work of a number of people.
In , a year-old German university student, Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow patented the image rasterizer, a spinning disk with a spiral pattern of holes in it, so each hole scanned a line of an image. The first demonstration of the instantaneous transmission of images was by Georges Rignoux and A. Fournier in Paris in In , Boris Rosing and his student Vladimir Zworykin created a system that used a mechanical mirror-drum scanner to transmit crude images over wires to a cathode ray tube or in a receiver.
But the system was not sensitive enough to allow moving images. In the s, Scottish inventor John Logie Baird used the N ipkow disk to create a prototype video system. On March 25, , Baird gave the first public demonstration of televised images in motion.
On January 26, , he demonstrated the transmission of an image of a face in motion using radio. This is widely regarded as being the world's first public television demonstration. The camera is undoubtedly one of the most cherished creations. With technological advancements, Digital cameras were introduced to save pictures on memory cards rather than using films.
The history of the digital camera began with Eugene F. Lally's idea to take pictures of the planets and stars. Later, Kodak engineer Steven Sasson invented and built the first digital camera in It was built using parts of kits that were lying around the Kodak factory. The camera was about the size of a breadbox and it took 23 seconds to capture a single image. Freeze the great moments from your life in the form of photographs with better quality and superior handling digital camera.
One doesn't have to look much further than a photo album to see that cameras are one of the great inventions that changed the world. Major shoutout to the mechanical engineer Charles Babbage for laying the foundation for this remarkable and most reliable invention, and to Ada Lovelace for creating the first programs. In the early 19 th century, the "father of the computer" conceptualized and invented the first mechanical computer.
Although there's no single inventor of the modern computer, the principle was proposed by Alan Turing in his seminal paper. Today, computers stand as the symbolic representation of the modern world. Most developers of early mainframes and minicomputers developed similar, but often incompatible mail applications. Over time, these became linked by a web of gateways and routing systems. A man by the name of Ray Tomlinson is actually credited with inventing one common feature of the email system that we know today.
In , while working as an ARPANET contractor, Tomlinson chose to use the symbol to denote the sending of messages from one computer to another computer. By the mids, email had taken on the form we recognize today. In the present-day, most of the official business communication depends on email. It started in the United States around the s, along with the development of computers. The Internet is a networking infrastructure. Whereas the World Wide Web is a way to access information over the medium of the Internet.
The Web was originally conceived and developed to meet the demand for automated information-sharing between scientists in universities and institutes around the world.
Only a few users had access to the computer platform on that ran the browser, so development soon started on a simpler browser , which could run on any system. In , Berners-Lee announced the WWW software on Internet newsgroups, and interest in the project spread around the world. It soon became clear that more help was needed, so Berners-Lee launched a plea for other developers to join in. From materials like livestock to shells, precious metals, and coins, currency has taken various forms throughout history.
Due to frequent shortages of coins, and issues with portability, banks issued paper notes as a promise against payment of precious metals in the future. The idea of using a lightweight substance as money may have originated in China during the Han Dynasty in BC. The switch to paper money relieved governments during crisis time. Thus, it changed the face of the global economy with a vital step in a new monetary system.
Meanwhile, Bitcoin is reaching mind-boggling new heights. At the dawn of the 20 th century, most people paid for everything with cash.
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