At the initial HIV care visit, providers should test all sexually active persons with HIV infection for chlamydia and perform testing at least annually during the course of HIV care. There are a number of diagnostic tests for chlamydia, including nucleic acid amplification tests NAATs , cell culture, and others. NAATs are the most sensitive tests, and can be performed on easily obtainable specimens such as vaginal swabs either clinician- or patient-collected or urine.
Vaginal swabs, either patient- or clinician-collected, are the optimal specimen to screen for genital chlamydia using NAATs in women; urine is the specimen of choice for men, and is an effective alternative specimen type for women. NAATs have demonstrated improved sensitivity and specificity compared with culture for the detection of C. Chlamydia can be easily cured with antibiotics. Persons with chlamydia should abstain from sexual activity for 7 days after single dose antibiotics or until completion of a 7-day course of antibiotics, to prevent spreading the infection to partners.
It is important to take all of the medication prescribed to cure chlamydia. Medication for chlamydia should not be shared with anyone. Although medication will cure the infection, it will not repair any permanent damage done by the disease. Repeat infection with chlamydia is common. If a person has been diagnosed and treated for chlamydia, he or she should tell all recent anal, vaginal, or oral sex partners all sex partners within 60 days before the onset of symptoms or diagnosis so they can see a health care provider and be treated.
A person with chlamydia and all of his or her sex partners must avoid having sex until they have completed their treatment for chlamydia i. For tips on talking to partners about sex and STD testing, visit www. To help get partners treated quickly, healthcare providers in some states may give infected individuals extra medicine or prescriptions to give to their sex partners.
This is called expedited partner therapy or EPT. In published clinical trials comparing EPT to traditional patient referral i. Latex male condoms, when used consistently and correctly, can reduce the risk of getting or giving chlamydia. More information is available at www. Genital ulcers and concomitant complaints in men attending a sexually transmitted infections clinic: implications for sexually transmitted infections management.
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Sentinel surveillance for pharyngeal chlamydia and gonorrhea among men who have sex with men—San Francisco, Chlamydial infection of mothers and their infants. The Journal of pediatrics ; Longitudinal studies on chlamydial infections in the first year of life. Pediatric infectious disease ; Chlamydia trachomatis infection in mothers and infants.
A prospective study. American journal of diseases of children ; Prospective study of perinatal transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis. Chronic Chlamydia trachomatis infections in infants. Repeated Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections in adolescent women. The Journal of infectious diseases ; Youth risk behavior surveillance — United States, Morbidity and mortality weekly report Surveillance summaries Washington, DC : ; Gap length: an important factor in sexually transmitted disease transmission.
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BMC public health ; Asymptomatic sexually transmitted diseases: the case for screening. Preventive medicine ; What proportion of episodes of gonorrhoea and chlamydia becomes symptomatic? It's not difficult to treat, but if left untreated it can lead to more-serious health problems.
Early-stage Chlamydia trachomatis infections often cause few or no signs and symptoms. Even when signs and symptoms occur, they're often mild, making them easy to overlook. Chlamydia trachomatis can also infect the rectum, either with no signs or symptoms or with rectal pain, discharge or bleeding.
You also can get chlamydial eye infections conjunctivitis through contact with infected body fluids. See your doctor if you have a discharge from your vagina, penis or rectum, or if you have pain during urination. Also, see your doctor if you learn your sexual partner has chlamydia.
Your doctor will likely prescribe an antibiotic even if you have no symptoms. The Chlamydia trachomatis bacterium is most commonly spread through vaginal, oral and anal sex.
It's also possible for pregnant women to spread chlamydia to their children during delivery, causing pneumonia or a serious eye infection in the newborns. The surest way to prevent chlamydia infection is to abstain from sexual activities. Sometimes the symptoms can disappear after a few days. Even if the symptoms disappear you may still have the infection and be able to pass it on. If they do get symptoms, the most common include:. If chlamydia is left untreated, it can spread to the womb and cause a serious condition called pelvic inflammatory disease PID.
This is a major cause of ectopic pregnancy and infertility in women. Read more about the complications of chlamydia. At least half of all men with chlamydia don't notice any symptoms. If chlamydia is left untreated, the infection can cause swelling in the epididymis the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles and the testicles.
This could affect your fertility.
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