As such, it is a mistake to attribute any one role of the brain to a single region. This does not mean the frontal lobe can recover from all injuries, but that other brain regions may change in response to an injury to the frontal lobe. The frontal lobe plays a key role in future planning , including self-management and decision-making. People with frontal lobe damage often struggle with gathering information, remembering previous experiences, and making decisions based on this input.
One of the most infamous frontal lobe injuries happened to railroad worker Phineas Gage. Gage survived after a railroad spike impaled a portion of his frontal lobe. Though Gage survived, he lost his eye and much of his personality.
He became aggressive in speech and demeanor and had little impulse control. Much of what we know about the frontal lobe comes from case reports on Gage. Those have been called into question since, however. The case demonstrates a larger point about the brain, which is that our understanding of it is constantly evolving.
Hence, it is not possible to accurately predict the outcome of any given frontal lobe injury, and similar injuries may develop quite differently in each person. In general, however, damage to the frontal lobe due to a blow to the head, a stroke , growths, and diseases, can cause the following symptoms:. Treatment for frontal lobe injuries focuses on addressing the cause of the injury first. A doctor might prescribe medication to treat an infection, surgery to remove a growth, or medication to reduce the risk of a stroke.
Depending on the cause of the injury, lifestyle remedies may help, as well. For example, frontal lobe damage after a stroke may mean moving to a more healthful diet, and to more exercise to reduce the risk of a future stroke. After the initial cause of the injury is addressed, treatment focuses on helping a person regain as much functioning as possible.
The brain can sometimes learn to work around an injury as other regions compensate for damage to the frontal lobe. Occupational, speech, and physical therapy can move this process along. These treatments can prove especially helpful in the early stages of recovery, as the brain begins to heal. Frontal lobe damage can affect personality, emotion, and behavior. Individual, couple, and family counselling may help with the management of these changes.
Medications that address impulse control issues can also be useful, particularly for people who struggle with attention and motivation. The diencephalon is located beneath the cerebral hemispheres and contains the thalamus and hypothalamus. The thalamus is involved in sensory perception and regulation of motor functions.
It connects areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in sensory perception and movement with other parts of the brain and spinal cord that also have a role in sensation and movement. The hypothalamus is a very small but important component of the diencephalon. It plays a major role in regulating hormones, the pituitary gland, body temperature, the adrenal glands, and many other vital activities.
The thalamus is a relay and preprocessing station for the many nerve impulses that pass through it. Impulses carrying similar messages are grouped in the thalamus, then relayed to the appropriate brain areas. The hypothalamus is the main neural control center in the brain that controls endocrine glands.
The pituitary gland lies just below the hypothalamus and is a small endocrine gland that secretes a variety of hormones which are organic chemicals that regulate the body's physiological processes. When the hypothalamus detects certain body changes, it releases regulating factors or chemicals that stimulate or inhibit the pituitary gland.
The pituitary gland then releases or blocks various hormones. Because of this close association between the nervous and endocrine systems, together they are called the neuroendocrine system. The hypothalamus also regulates visceral or organ-related activities, food and fluid intake, sleep and wake patterns, sex drive, emotional states, and production of antidiuretic hormone ADH and oxytocin.
The pituitary gland produces both these hormones. The epithalamus is the most posterior or back portion of the diencephalon. It contains a vascular network involved in cerebrospinal fluid production. To be able to treat frontal lobe damage, occupational, speech, and physical therapy can be helpful for rehabilitating these lost or damaged skills. Finally, a talking therapy called cognitive behavioral therapy CBT is common for working on regulating emotions and aiding impulse behaviors.
CBT may not fully treat physical damage to the frontal lobes, but it can help support those with impairments to cope and manage with their symptoms.
They suggested that people with damage to this area may not have problems with word comprehension or identifying objects by their names, but if asked to say or write as many words as possible, or describe as many uses of an object, they would find this task difficult. This shows that damage to one area associated with language does not impair all aspects of language. It was found that these patients developed an abrupt, suspicious, and sometimes even argumentative manner.
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